No 4 pp363-522 by: NPGEditorialMaking the most of reviewer resources - p363doi:10.1038/nn0409-363In 2008, Nature Neuroscience joined a community consortium aimed at making peer review more efficient by allowing reviews to be transferred between consortium journals. We look back at our experience with the Neuroscience Peer Review Consortium over the last year.Full Text - Making the most of reviewer resources PDF (225 KB) - Making the most of reviewer resourcesTop of pageCorrespondenceFirst report of action potentials in a C. elegans neuron is premature - pp365 - 366Shawn R Lockery, Miriam B Goodman & Serge Faumontdoi:10.1038/nn0409-365Full Text - First report of action potentials in a C. elegans neuron is premature PDF (1,072 KB) - First report of action potentials in a C. elegans neuron is prematureReply to "First report of action potentials in a C. elegans neuron is premature" - p366Jerry E Mellem, Penelope J Brockie, David M Madsen & Andres V Maricqdoi:10.1038/nn0409-366Full Text - Reply to "First report of action potentials in a C. elegans neuron is premature" PDF (84 KB) - Reply to "First report of action potentials in a C. elegans neuron is premature"Top of pageBook ReviewMemory and reality - p367Daniel L Schacter & Brendan Gaesser review The Confabulating Mind: How the Brain Creates Reality by Armin Schniderdoi:10.1038/nn0409-367Full Text - Memory and reality PDF (137 KB) - Memory and realityTop of pageNews and ViewsFine control: microRNA regulation of adult neurogenesis - pp369 - 370Qin Shen & Sally Templedoi:10.1038/nn0409-369Neural stem cells transition through several progenitor stages before finally generating postmitotic neurons. New work shows that one of these steps, the generation of neuroblasts from transient amplifying precursors in the adult subventricular zone, requires downregulation of the transcription factor Sox9 by the microRNA miR-124.Full Text - Fine control: microRNA regulation of adult neurogenesis PDF (503 KB) - Fine control: microRNA regulation of adult neurogenesisSee also: Article by Cheng et al.Proteoglycans specify Sonic Hedgehog effect - pp371 - 372Catherine Vaillant & Denis Monarddoi:10.1038/nn0409-371How can the multifunctional factor Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) elicit specific responses from its target cells? A study now pinpoints proteoglycans as crucial anchors and modulators of SHH signaling, eliciting a proliferation response.Full Text - Proteoglycans specify Sonic Hedgehog effect PDF (386 KB) - Proteoglycans specify Sonic Hedgehog effectSee also: Article by Chan et al.Neuronal communication: a detailed balancing act - pp372 - 374Emilio Salinasdoi:10.1038/nn0409-372What controls the functional connections between sending and receiving neurons? A new model suggests that each receiver circuit has a local switch that is controlled by the balance between excitation and inhibition.Full Text - Neuronal communication: a detailed balancing act PDF (1,425 KB) - Neuronal communication: a detailed balancing actSee also: Article by Vogels & AbbottIt's not you, it's me. Really. - pp374 - 375Garrett B Stanleydoi:10.1038/nn0409-374A subset of neurons in rat barrel cortex integrate information about the object a whisker contacts with the motion of the whisker at the time of contact, setting the stage for a highly specialized object localization system.Full Text - It's not you, it's me. Really. PDF (232 KB) - It's not you, it's me. Really.See also: Article by Curtis & KleinfeldTop of pageCommentaryThe quest for action potentials in C. elegans neurons hits a plateau - pp377 - 378Shawn R Lockery & Miriam B Goodmandoi:10.1038/nn0409-377The small size and high resistance of C. elegans neurons makes them sensitive to the random opening of single ion channels, probably rendering codes that are based on classical, all-or-none action potentials unworkable. The recent discovery in C. elegans of a special class of regenerative events known as plateau potentials introduces the possibility of digital neural codes. Such codes would solve the problem of representing information in nervous systems in which action potentials are unreliable.Full Text - The quest for action potentials in C. elegans neurons hits a plateau PDF (217 KB) - The quest for action potentials in C. elegans neurons hits a plateauTop of pageReviewEndoplasmic reticulum stress in disorders of myelinating cells - pp379 - 385Wensheng Lin & Brian Popkodoi:10.1038/nn.2273Recent work suggests that endoplasmic reticulum stress in myelinating cells is important in the pathogenesis of various disorders of myelin, including multiple sclerosis. In this review, Lin and Popko review our current understanding of the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in myelinating cells.Abstract - Full Text - Endoplasmic reticulum stress in disorders of myelinating cells PDF (373 KB) - Endoplasmic reticulum stress in disorders of myelinating cellsTop of pageBrief CommunicationsA dual leucine kinase–dependent axon self-destruction program promotes Wallerian degeneration - pp387 - 389Bradley R Miller, Craig Press, Richard W Daniels, Yo Sasaki, Jeffrey Milbrandt & Aaron DiAntoniodoi:10.1038/nn.2290Axon degeneration is an active process. Miller and colleagues show in fly and mouse models that axon degeneration requires the kinase DLK and its downstream target JNK to proceed.Abstract - Full Text - A dual leucine kinase–dependent axon self-destruction program promotes Wallerian degeneration PDF (437 KB) - A dual leucine kinase–dependent axon self-destruction program promotes Wallerian degeneration Supplementary informationThalamic activity that drives visual cortical plasticity - pp390 - 392Monica L Linden, Arnold J Heynen, Robert H Haslinger & Mark F Beardoi:10.1038/nn.2284To understand how monocular eyelid closure and retinal inactivation can affect cortical ocular dominance, Linden et al. examined the firing activity of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. They report that the firing pattern, but not the firing rate, is differentially affected by manipulations of retinal activity.Abstract - Full Text - Thalamic activity that drives visual cortical plasticity PDF (246 KB) - Thalamic activity that drives visual cortical plasticity Supplementary informationD2R striatopallidal neurons inhibit both locomotor and drug reward processes - pp393 - 395Pierre F Durieux, Bertrand Bearzatto, Stefania Guiducci, Thorsten Buch, Ari Waisman, Michele Zoli, Serge N Schiffmann & Alban de Kerchove d'Exaerdedoi:10.1038/nn.2286The striatum contains two distinct types of GABAergic neurons, striatonigral and striatopallidal cells. Durieux and colleagues genetically ablated the striatopallidal population in mice, uncovering specific roles for these neurons in the control of locomotion and the response to the addictive drug amphetamine.Abstract - Full Text - D2R striatopallidal neurons inhibit both locomotor and drug reward processes PDF (342 KB) - D2R striatopallidal neurons inhibit both locomotor and drug reward processes Supplementary informationPharmacological REM sleep suppression paradoxically improves rather than impairs skill memory - pp396 - 397Björn Rasch, Julian Pommer, Susanne Diekelmann & Jan Borndoi:10.1038/nn.2206Previous work suggests that post-learning rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is crucial for memory consolidation, but this study shows that suppressing REM sleep via serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors instead enhances memory consolidation of a motor skill task.Abstract - Full Text - Pharmacological REM sleep suppression paradoxically improves rather than impairs skill memory PDF (133 KB) - Pharmacological REM sleep suppression paradoxically improves rather than impairs skill memory Supplementary information
Top of pageArticlesmiR-124 regulates adult neurogenesis in the subventricular zone stem cell niche - pp399 - 408Li-Chun Cheng, Erika Pastrana, Masoud Tavazoie & Fiona Doetschdoi:10.1038/nn.2294This study shows that the microRNA miR-124 is required for neuronal differentiation of adult neural progenitors in vitro and in vivo. The transcription factor Sox9 opposes neuronal differentiation and is suppressed by miRNA-124.Abstract - Full Text - miR-124 regulates adult neurogenesis in the subventricular zone stem cell niche PDF (1,286 KB) - miR-124 regulates adult neurogenesis in the subventricular zone stem cell niche Supplementary informationSee also: News and Views by Shen & TempleProteoglycan interactions with Sonic Hedgehog specify mitogenic responses - pp409 - 417Jennifer A Chan, Srividya Balasubramanian, Rochelle M Witt, Kellie J Nazemi, Yoojin Choi, Maria F Pazyra-Murphy, Carolyn O Walsh, Margaret Thompson & Rosalind A Segaldoi:10.1038/nn.2287Sonic hedgehog (Shh) functions as both a mitogen and a patterning agent during development. Looking mainly at the developing mouse cerebellum, this study shows that the mitogenic activity, but not the patterning role, requires Shh to interact with proteoglycans.Abstract - Full Text - Proteoglycan interactions with Sonic Hedgehog specify mitogenic responses PDF (625 KB) - Proteoglycan interactions with Sonic Hedgehog specify mitogenic responses Supplementary informationSee also: News and Views by Vaillant & MonardParacrine control of oligodendrocyte differentiation by SRF-directed neuronal gene expression - pp418 - 427Christine Stritt, Sina Stern, Kai Harting, Thomas Manke, Daniela Sinske, Heinz Schwarz, Martin Vingron, Alfred Nordheim & Bernd Knölldoi:10.1038/nn.2280This study shows that the transcription factor SRF, expressed in neurons, crucially affects oligodendrocyte maturation and myelination through a non–cell autonomous mechanism. SRF appears to act, at least in part, by repressing transcription of the paracrine growth factor CTGF. Overexpression of CTGF reduced oligodendrocyte differentiation.Abstract - Full Text - Paracrine control of oligodendrocyte differentiation by SRF-directed neuronal gene expression PDF (1,228 KB) - Paracrine control of oligodendrocyte differentiation by SRF-directed neuronal gene expression Supplementary informationTrans-synaptic adhesion between NGL-3 and LAR regulates the formation of excitatory synapses - pp428 - 437Jooyeon Woo, Seok-Kyu Kwon, Seungwon Choi, Seho Kim, Jae-Ran Lee, Anthone W Dunah, Morgan Sheng & Eunjoon Kimdoi:10.1038/nn.2279Although the receptor tyrosine phosphatase LAR is known to regulate the devolvement of excitatory synapse and to direct proper guidance of axons, the extracellular ligand for its activation has remained unknown. This study identifies postsynaptic netrin G-ligand 3 (NGL-3) as the trans-synaptic adhesion ligand of LAR and demonstrates a bidirectional regulation of excitatory synapse formation by the LAR/NGL-3 interaction.Abstract - Full Text - Trans-synaptic adhesion between NGL-3 and LAR regulates the formation of excitatory synapses PDF (1,413 KB) - Trans-synaptic adhesion between NGL-3 and LAR regulates the formation of excitatory synapses Supplementary informationAltered chloride homeostasis removes synaptic inhibitory constraint of the stress axis - pp438 - 443Sarah A Hewitt, Jaclyn I Wamsteeker, Ebba U Kurz & Jaideep S Bainsdoi:10.1038/nn.2274The release of stress hormone from the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is regulated by nearby GABAergic input. This study shows that behavioral stress affects chloride ion homeostasis and thus tapers GABAergic inhibition, thereby suggesting disinhibition of the PVN as a mechanism for stress response initiation.Abstract - Full Text - Altered chloride homeostasis removes synaptic inhibitory constraint of the stress axis PDF (415 KB) - Altered chloride homeostasis removes synaptic inhibitory constraint of the stress axis Supplementary informationTuning of synapse number, structure and function in the cochlea - pp444 - 453Alexander C Meyer, Thomas Frank, Darina Khimich, Gerhard Hoch, Dietmar Riedel, Nikolai M Chapochnikov, Yury M Yarin, Benjamin Harke, Stefan W Hell, Alexander Egner & Tobias Moserdoi:10.1038/nn.2293In the cochlea, ribbon synapses are used to transmit acoustic information from inner hair cells to spiral ganglion cells. Here the authors find that the properties of these synapses vary along the tonotopic axis, providing a candidate presynaptic mechanism for modulating the dynamics of ganglion cell spiking.Abstract - Full Text - Tuning of synapse number, structure and function in the cochlea PDF (1,090 KB) - Tuning of synapse number, structure and function in the cochlea Supplementary informationPhosphodiesterase 1C is dispensable for rapid response termination of olfactory sensory neurons - pp454 - 462Katherine D Cygnar & Haiqing Zhaodoi:10.1038/nn.2289Phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity in olfactory sensory neuron cilia is thought to be responsible for degrading odor-induced signaling, resulting in rapid response termination. However, disrupting the variety of PDE found only in cilia unexpectedly turns out not to result in a rapid response termination deficit. Only eliminating both cilia-localized and cell body–localized varieties of PDEs resulted in prolonged termination.Abstract - Full Text - Phosphodiesterase 1C is dispensable for rapid response termination of olfactory sensory neurons PDF (558 KB) - Phosphodiesterase 1C is dispensable for rapid response termination of olfactory sensory neurons Supplementary informationTraveling waves in developing cerebellar cortex mediated by asymmetrical Purkinje cell connectivity - pp463 - 473Alanna J Watt, Hermann Cuntz, Masahiro Mori, Zoltan Nusser, P Jesper Sjöström & Michael Häusserdoi:10.1038/nn.2285The authors use patch-clamp recordings and two-photon microscopy to characterize monosynaptic connections between Purkinje cells of the juvenile cerebellum. They then construct a network model that generates traveling waves of activity between connected Purkinje cells and validate their model with observations in juvenile cerebellar cortex.Abstract - Full Text - Traveling waves in developing cerebellar cortex mediated by asymmetrical Purkinje cell connectivity PDF (3,006 KB) - Traveling waves in developing cerebellar cortex mediated by asymmetrical Purkinje cell connectivity Supplementary informationTransformation of odor representations in target areas of the olfactory bulb - pp474 - 482Emre Yaksi, Francisca von Saint Paul, Jörn Niessing, Sebastian T Bundschuh & Rainer W Friedrichdoi:10.1038/nn.2288The organization of the olfactory bulb has been extensively studied, but much less is known about downstream areas. The authors compare activity patterns in the zebrafish olfactory bulb and two of its targets. They find that the subpallial area has overlapping odor representations, whereas those in the area homologous to the olfactory bulb are more sharply tuned.Abstract - Full Text - Transformation of odor representations in target areas of the olfactory bulb PDF (932 KB) - Transformation of odor representations in target areas of the olfactory bulb Supplementary informationGating multiple signals through detailed balance of excitation and inhibition in spiking networks - pp483 - 491Tim P Vogels & L F Abbottdoi:10.1038/nn.2276The balance of excitation and inhibition across large populations of spiking neurons has been suggested to be important. Here the authors model the effects of a more detailed balance between incoming excitation and local inhibition on the transmission of signals through a neural network.Abstract - Full Text - Gating multiple signals through detailed balance of excitation and inhibition in spiking networks PDF (806 KB) - Gating multiple signals through detailed balance of excitation and inhibition in spiking networksSee also: News and Views by Salinas????: Study Temple-All kinds of Study Material
Nature Neuroscience Journal ~ April 2009, Volume 12 No 4 pp363-522 by: NPGPhase-to-rate transformations encode touch in cortical neurons of a scanning sensorimotor system - pp492 - 501John C Curtis & David Kleinfelddoi:10.1038/nn.2283Active somatosensory perception requires the integration of signals arising from both external stimuli and motor activity. The authors found a population of neurons in rat somatosensory cortex that responded to touch only when contact occurred at a specific phase in the whisk cycle, providing information about the position of the object relative to the rat's face.Abstract - Full Text - Phase-to-rate transformations encode touch in cortical neurons of a scanning sensorimotor system PDF (2,154 KB) - Phase-to-rate transformations encode touch in cortical neurons of a scanning sensorimotor system Supplementary informationSee also: News and Views by StanleyInterval time coding by neurons in the presupplementary and supplementary motor areas - pp502 - 507Akihisa Mita, Hajime Mushiake, Keisetsu Shima, Yoshiya Matsuzaka & Jun Tanjidoi:10.1038/nn.2272Previous work has implicated prefrontal and parietal cortex in time perception and the temporal domain in decision making. Single-cell recordings in monkeys performing an interval-generation task now reveal that neurons in the medial motor areas can also represent the passage of time.Abstract - Full Text - Interval time coding by neurons in the presupplementary and supplementary motor areas PDF (593 KB) - Interval time coding by neurons in the presupplementary and supplementary motor areas Supplementary information????: Study Temple-All kinds of Study Material Nature Neuroscience Journal ~ April 2009, Volume 12 No 4 pp363-522 by: NPGA neural mechanism of first impressions - pp508 - 514Daniela Schiller, Jonathan B Freeman, Jason P Mitchell, James S Uleman & Elizabeth A Phelpsdoi:10.1038/nn.2278People can form opinions of others during an initial encounter. Neuroimaging results suggest that these first impressions are mediated by the amygdala and posterior cingulate cortex.Abstract - Full Text - A neural mechanism of first impressions PDF (369 KB) - A neural mechanism of first impressions Supplementary information
Hierarchical cognitive control deficits following damage to the human frontal lobe - pp515 - 522David Badre, Joshua Hoffman, Jeffrey W Cooney & Mark D'Espositodoi:10.1038/nn.2277The frontal lobes are critical for cognitive control over both abstract actions and motor plans. On the basis of the behavioral deficits of lesions patients, the authors report that there is a hierarchical organization of cognitive control, with rostral areas being required for decisions about more abstract actions and caudal areas being required for decisions about more concrete actions.
